File-eared Tree Frog
Polypedates otilophus
- KingdomAnimalia (Animals)
- PhylumChordata (Chordates)
- ClassAmphibia (Amphibians)
- OrderAnura (Frogs and Toads)
- FamilyRhacophoridae (Old World Tree Frogs)
- GenusPolypedates (whipping frogs)
- SpeciesPolypedates otilophus (File-eared Tree Frog)
About the File-eared Tree Frog
Polypedates otilophus (also known as the file-eared tree frog, Borneo eared frog, or bony-headed flying frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is widespread and found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, typically in the lowlands but sometimes as high as 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level. This species has prominent, sharp ridges behind the eye, above the ear, referred to in its names.
Polypedates pseudotilophus from Sumatra and (probably) Java was included in this species until 2014. Males measure up to 80 mm (3.1 in) and females up to 100 mm (3.9 in) in snout–vent length. The body is robust and dorsally lemon yellow in color, with many thin, black stripes; also the thighs have many black bars. The tympanum is conspicuous, with a serrated bony crest above it (the "ear"). Fingertips are expanded into large discs; those on the toes are smaller. The fingers have only rudimentary webbing whereas the toes are moderately webbed. The tadpoles are yellowish green above and white below, acquiring the stripes seen in adults well before metamorphosis. The largest tadpoles are 60 mm (2.4 in) in total length.
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Closest Relatives at Sepilok
Brown-Striped Tree Frog
Polypedates macrotis
Common Tree Frog
Polypedates leucomystax
Harlequin Tree Frog
Rhacophorus pardalis
Chasen's Frilled Tree Frog
Kurixalus chaseni
Peter's Tree Frog
Nyctixalus pictus
Brown Tree Frog
Leptomantis harrissoni
Malaysian Flying Frog
Leptomantis rufipes
Banded Tree Frog
Leptomantis fasciatus
Common Indian Toad
Duttaphrynus melanostictus
Rough-sided frog
Pulchrana glandulosa
Green Paddy Frog
Hylarana erythraea
Lowland Litter Frog
Leptobrachium abbotti
Global Distribution
Where this species is recorded worldwide. Restricted to human observations from 2019 onwards — the same kind of record and the same period the probabilities on this page are built from, so collar-tracking studies, camera-trap arrays and museum specimens are excluded. Around Santa Rosa that removes 5,924 GPS fixes from a handful of tagged jaguars.
where this species is recorded (GBIF density — it tracks where observers go, not how likely a sighting is) · parks where it occurs — tap a pin for the sighting probability there
Parks Where Found
| # | Park | Country | Daily sighting probability |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Danum Valley Conservation Area | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 2 | Kinabalu Park | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 3 | Sepilok | 🇲🇾 Malaysia | |
| 4 | Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary | 🇲🇾 Malaysia |
Quick answers
What are the chances of seeing a File-eared Tree Frog in Sepilok?
About 20% of wildlife watchers report a File-eared Tree Frog sighting in Sepilok, based on 25 verified sightings from GBIF citizen-science data.
When is the best time to see File-eared Tree Frog in Sepilok?
December has the highest sighting rate for File-eared Tree Frog in Sepilok in our monthly data.